Izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zokwakha umgangatho wokupaka iimoto ongaphantsi komhlaba

Kwimigangatho yokupaka iimoto engaphantsi komhlaba, izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zomgangatho ziquka: umgangatho we-epoxy, umgangatho ogugileyo kunye nomgangatho oqinileyo ogqobhozayo.

Umgangatho we-Epoxy: umgangatho we-epoxy wegaraji

Umgangatho we-epoxy, oko kukuthi, ipeyinti yomgangatho we-epoxy resin njengesixhobo esiphambili, kunye nesanti ye-quartz/umgubo njengezinto ezincedisayo, kusetyenziswa ukugaya, ukucoca nge-vacuum, ukukrwela, ukuqengqeleka okanye ukutshiza kunye nezinye iindlela zokwakha, ukuze kufunyanwe umphezulu womgangatho. Emva kokwakhiwa komhlaba, umaleko we-epoxy ugubungela isamente yengca, ngaloo ndlela ukwahlula ngokusisiseko isamente yengca kwiingxaki ezinokwenzeka ezifana nesanti, uthuli njl.njl. Umphezulu womgangatho we-epoxy, awunathuli, awugugi, kulula ukuwucoca, umbala oqaqambileyo.

Izisombululo zomgangatho we-epoxy ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengeendawo zokupaka iimoto zezi: umgangatho we-epoxy oluhlobo lwe-mortar, umgangatho we-epoxy oncinci, umgangatho we-epoxy ohlobo lwe-self-leveling.

Umgangatho we-epoxy oluhlobo lwe-mortar, inkqubo ngokubanzi yile: ukugaya nokucoca i-substrate, i-epoxy primer enye, i-epoxy mortar enye okanye ezimbini, i-epoxy putty ezimbini, i-epoxy surface coating ezimbini. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-0.8-1.5mm.

Umgangatho we-epoxy obhityileyo, inkqubo ngokubanzi ibandakanya: ukugaya nokucoca i-substrate, i-epoxy primer enye, i-epoxy mortar enye, i-epoxy putty enye, i-epoxy surface coating enye. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-0.5-0.8mm.

Umgangatho we-epoxy ozahlulahlulayo, inkqubo ngokubanzi yile: ukugaya nokucoca i-substrate, i-epoxy primer enye, i-epoxy mortar ezimbini, i-epoxy putty enye, i-epoxy flow plane coating enye. Ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-2-3mm.

Umgangatho we-epoxy obhityileyo, kuphela kwisiseko somhlaba uthe tyaba kakhulu, amandla ekhonkrithi alungile kakhulu, kwaye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko luncinci kakhulu, isiphumo esibonakalayo seemfuno zetyala asiphezulu, ngokubanzi akukhuthazwa. Umgangatho we-epoxy wohlobo lwe-mortar, xa uthelekiswa nomgangatho we-epoxy obhityileyo, umphezulu uthe tyaba ngakumbi, uthambile, uyamelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nempembelelo kunamandla, yinkqubo yomgangatho we-epoxy ophantsi komhlaba. Umgangatho we-epoxy ozimeleyo usetyenziswa kuphela kwiiarhente zikarhulumente, kwiindawo zeOlimpiki nakwezinye iiprojekthi zesizwe zeepaki zeemoto ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Ukongeza, iiprojekthi zomntu ngamnye, xa umsebenzisi engalandeli ukuthamba komphezulu kunye neziphumo zemvakalelo, ukuze nje asombulule umphezulu wekhonkrithi yesamente, uthuli, kukho iiprimer ezimbini ze-epoxy, ezimbini ze-epoxy top coating zenkqubo elula yomgangatho we-epoxy.

Ngoko ke, into ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni uhlobo lwenkqubo yomgangatho we-epoxy, okokuqala, isiseko somhlaba, okwesibini, uhlobo lomphumo olufunekayo ukuze kufezekiswe, uze emva koko ube nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko. Phakathi kwezi zintathu kucacile, kuyahambelana.

Umgangatho onganyangekiyo

Izixhobo zomgangatho ezimelana nokuguguleka ezisekelwe kwisamente, ezenziwe ngesamente ekhethekileyo, i-aggregate emelana nokuguguleka (isanti ye-quartz, i-emery, i-tin-titanium alloy, njl.njl.) kunye nezongezo kunye nezinye izinto, ukuya kuluhlu olufanelekileyo ngokwesayensi kusetyenziswa indlela exutywe ngaphambili yefektri ukuvelisa umgubo kwingxowa.

Ukwakhiwa komgangatho onganyangekiyo kuhambelana nokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi yesamente. Emva kokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi yesamente ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ukulinganisa kunye nokungcangcazela komphezulu wendawo yokupaka iimoto engaphantsi komhlaba, izinto zomgangatho onganyangekiyo ziya kusasazwa kumphezulu kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqina, kwaye izinto ezinganyangekiyo ziya kwakhiwa zizonke ngekhonkrithi yesamente ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokwakha umgangatho, umatshini wokuthambisa, ukuze kwenziwe umaleko okhuselayo kumaleko womphezulu wekhonkrithi yesamente.

Njengoko sonke sisazi, uninzi lwekhonkrithi yesamente esetyenziswa phantsi komhlaba esetyenziswa phantsi komhlaba i-C20, i-C25 standard, i-C25 concrete, umzekelo, amandla okuxinana komphezulu angama-25MPA. Kodwa emva kokwakhiwa komgangatho onganyangekiyo, amandla okuxinana komphezulu anokufikelela kwi-80MPA, okanye nangaphezulu kwe-100MPA, kwaye amanye amandla okugoba, amandla okuxhathisa ukuguguleka kunye nezinye izalathisi nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho onganyangekiyo ungowemveliso ezisekwe kwisamente, ngoko ke ungadityaniswa kakuhle nesamente, lo gama nje isamente engca ingaphukanga, umgangatho onganyangekiyo amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ngaphandle kokuwa. Kwangaxeshanye, umbala awumhle kwaye utyebile njengomgangatho we-epoxy, ohlala ungwevu, uluhlaza, ubomvu kunye neminye imibala esisiseko.

Ikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo yesamente, ngenxa yemveliso engafanelekanga kunye nokwakhiwa kwayo, okanye ukuwohloka kweminyaka, kulula ukuyijika isanti, uthuli, oko kukuthi, ikhonkrithi yesamente esantini, amatye kunye nesamente. Olu hlobo lokupaka iimoto emhlabeni, ukucoca okusingqongileyo kuyingxaki kakhulu, umphezulu wezithuthi ezipakiweyo ugqunywe luthuli, umnini ukhalaza kakhulu. Umgangatho onganyangekiyo sisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu nesisebenzayo kule ngxaki. Umhlaba awusabonakali ungabonakali ungquzulwano lwesanti nothuli, kwaye ngokusila nokungqubana kwesithuthi, umhlaba onganyangekiyo uya kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile lokukhazimla.

Umgangatho oqhelekileyo ongaphantsi komhlaba omelana nokuguguleka kweendawo zokupaka iimoto, uninzi lwawo luluhlobo lwesanti ye-quartz kunye nohlobo lwedayimani olumelana nokuguguleka. Umbala ikakhulu ungombala wesamente okanye ongwevu.

umgangatho oqina ongena phantsi

Umgangatho wegaraji ongenela ngqo kumgangatho wekhonkrithi, umgangatho onganyangekiyo wesanti, umgangatho we-terrazzo, njl.njl., ukuba igaraji ithululelwe ikhonkrithi kwaye yahlelwa ngomhlaba, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ngqo umgangatho weYade's penetrant, ulwakhiwo lulula, izalathisi zobugcisa kunye nomgangatho onganyangekiyo ufana nolondolozo lwamva lulula kakhulu, nto leyo ekwayinzuzo yomgangatho wegaraji ongenela. Umgangatho weYade xa injongo yokuqala yophuhliso lomgangatho ongenela, kukufumana indawo yomgangatho we-epoxy, kodwa kunye nomgangatho onganyangekiyo iingenelo ezihlala ziqinileyo zokumelana nokunyangeka, umgangatho ongenela emva kokwakhiwa kombala awufikeleli kumgangatho we-epoxy njengoko unemibala, kodwa umahluko awumkhulu, umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ulele kubukhulu bomgangatho we-epoxy bubukhulu obuthile, xa ukwakhiwa kobubi, kulula kakhulu ukususa ulusu, kwaye ukulungiswa kade kunye nokugcinwa kunzima kakhulu, kwaye indima yendlela yokusebenza komgangatho weYade. Indlela yokungena phantsi kwekhonkrithi ixhomekeke ekungeneni komgangatho wekhonkrithi, kwaye isabela kwikhonkrithi, kwaye ekugqibeleni yenza umphezulu ube yinto evaliweyo, ayisombululi nje kuphela ukucocwa kwekhonkrithi kunye nomcimbi ongwevu ngaxeshanye kunokunyusa kakhulu ubulukhuni bomphezulu wekhonkrithi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye isisombululo se-asidi kunye ne-alkali sidlala indima ethile ngokwahlukeneyo, abanini bezindlu abaninzi ngakumbi kwimarike basebenzisa umgangatho wekhonkrithi njengomgangatho wokuqala wegaraji.